Symbols: Encyclopedia of Western Signs and Ideograms

**Symbols: Encyclopedia of Western Signs and Ideograms** is a monumental exploration of the visual language that has shaped Western civilization. This comprehensive encyclopedia features approximately 2,500 Western signs, meticulously detailed across 1,600 articles that delve into their histories, uses, and meanings. The scope of symbols covered is vast, spanning from the earliest ideograms etched into mammoth teeth by Cro-Magnon man to the ubiquitous corporate logos and subway graffiti of the modern era. A revolutionary classification system, organized by graphic structure, allows for near-instantaneous retrieval of information, while a robust Word Index and extensive cross-references ensure that related signs are easily discoverable. The book's appendices further enrich the reader's understanding with in-depth discussions on topics such as the historical evolution of signs and meanings, ancient American ideograms, and the esoteric symbols of alchemy. This work stands as a testament to Carl G. Liungman's profound interest in and extensive research into semiotics and visual culture. **Symbols** is an indispensable resource for professionals in design, marketing, art history, and linguistics, providing them with a deep understanding of the symbolic underpinnings of their respective fields. Furthermore, it serves as an accessible and engaging general reference for anyone with a curiosity about our shared graphic cultural heritage, offering a unique perspective on how humans have communicated and represented ideas through visual means throughout history. Its inclusion on a list of Liungman's best books is a clear reflection of its scholarly depth, comprehensive scope, and enduring relevance in illuminating the complex and fascinating world of Western signs and ideograms.